Electric motor for high-tension currents.



Patented Feb. 23, 1909.

N MYSGHKIN ELEGTRIG MOTOR FOR HIGH TENSION GURRENTS.

APPLICATION FILED 00T.30,1908.

N. MYSCHKIN.

ELECTRIC MOTOR FOR HIGH TENSION GURRENTS.

APPLICATION FILED 001230, 1908.

91 3,541 Patented Feb. 23, 1909.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

- urons.

N. MYSGHKIN.

ELECTRIC MOTOR FOR HIGH TENSION GURRENTS.

APPLICATION FILED 0OT.30 1908.

Patented Feb. 23, 1909.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

WITNESSES:

N MYSOHKIN ELECTRIC MOTOR FOR HIGH TENSION GURRENTS.

APPLICATION FILED OGT.30. 1908.

Patentd Feb. 23, 1909.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

INVENTOH l/fi'l/l ATTORNEYS.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

NIKOLAUS MYSCHKIN, OF NEW ALEXANDRIA, RUSSIA. v

ELECTRIC MOTOR FOR HIGH-TENSION CURBENTB.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 2a, 1909.

To albwho'm it may concern:

Be it known that I, NIKOLAUS Mrscrmm a subject of the Czar of Russia, residing in New Alexandria, in the Province of Lublin, in the Empire of Russia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electric Motors for High-Tension Currents, of which the following is a specification.

In electric motors as hitherto in use a current conductor is moved or actuated in a magnetic field. The efliciency or output of such a motor depends upon the intensity of the magnetic field and the strength of current in the revolving armature. If the strength of current increases then the in tensity of the magnetic field also increases, so that consequently with currents of greater strength a greater amount of mechanical work may be performed even at lower volta e.

Tn contradistinction to these electric motors, known as magneto electric motors, this invention relates toa motor without a magnetic field, which for the purpose of this specification I will call an electro static motor, the motor being worked with high tension currents. The inventor has found that a dielectric disk can be made to revolve .if it is exposed to the action of moving airions such as are developed in the proxim ity of the electrodes of Rontgen tubes and in the proximity of the conductors of electrical machines. Even a thin straight wire charged with a high tension current is suitable for exerting an influence of the type above described on dielectric disks. The reason for this influence or action is to be found in the fact that the ions are set into motion in the ionized air at a velocity which is proportional to the difference of potential. The ions projected onto the surface of the dielectric disk thereby disturb the uniformity of motion of the ions, thus producing forces of internal friction which set the disk into motion.

Although it may not appear to be possible to effect, without further ado, the discharge of these high tension currents from spherical surfaces under certain premises, nevertheless it has been found that the best effect or result as regards revolution is obtained if the ionization of air is effected by means of points arranged tangentially-or approximately soto the peri hery of the dielectric disks. The use 0 such needle point dischargers results simultaneously in the advantage that an easy re lation of the current density acting on the ielectric disks can be obtained. The practical construction of such a motor causes, it is true, considerable difiiculties, inasmuch as the arrangej ment of the dielectric disks on the one hand and that of the needle point dischargers on the other hand require considerable space, so that the motor would be very heavy and clumsy. This difliculty is overcome accord-.

ing tothis invention by exposing each dielectric disk to the action or influence of a great number of needle points which are in a certain relation to the numerous dielectric disks arranged on a common spindle or shaft. Adjustable screens or plates adapted to be placed between the dielectric disks and the points regulate the action or effect of the latter.

Two modes of carrying out the invention are illustrated in the accompanying drawmgs.

Figure l is a side elevation of the electric motor for high tension currents. Fi 2 is a longitudinal section through the e ectric motor on line 2-2 of Fig. 3 and, Fig. 3 a cross section through the same, while Figs.

. 1 and 5 are sections showing modifications of made in halves connected together in any suitable manner for instance by flanges and screws.

A curved plate 7 is secured to the interior of each semi-cylinder and carries needle points 9 on ribs or plates 8, the points being arranged like the teeth of a comb. The points are situated tangentially to the dielectric disks 6 or approximately so. The plates 7 of the needle point dischargers,'are connected with curved metal plates or wires 10 arranged on the interior of each semicylinder, 1. Finally metal plates 11 are arranged on the insulating disks 12. The insulating disks 12 rest on bosses 13, on the end covers 2 of the motor cas' eraser One of the insulating. disks 12 is provi ed with a toothed pinion 14 which engages a p mon 15, the latter being mounted on a s indle 16 passin through one end cover 2. he shaft IGcanie ad'usted from the outside by means a of a hand-w eel 17, the adjustment being indicated by a pointer 19 on the shaft movable over a scale 18 on the end or head 2. As may seen especially from Fig. 3, the plates 11 are situated between the dielectric disks 6 and the plates 10 or the needle point dischargers 9. n rotation of the hand wheel 17 in accordance with the scale 18 the osition of the plates 11 relatively to the p ates or to the needle point dischargers 9 may be varied in such a manner that more or less of the dischar ers come into action. The

- great output or e output or power of the motor. They are provided on their inside with radially arranged ribs 20 (Fig. 2) between which plates 21 of insulating material are arranged.

With this form of construction as may be seen from F 1 a motor of compact buildis obtained w ich gossesses a comparatively ciency. It may be remarked that the dielectric disks are preferably round, and the arrangement of the needle point dischargers may be altered without dearting in any way from the scope of this mventlon. The plates or wires 10 tend to increase the electric stress at the periphery of the disks and to increase the turning efi'ort. Preferably the number of plates or wires 10 is e ual to that of the disks 6. The length of t e metal segments 10 which is approximately or exact y equal to the breadth of the regulating lates 11 depends on the one hand u on the lameter of the disks and on the ot er hand upon the impressed voltage. As regards the regulator 11 it is to be noted that the radial ribs 20 have the same efi'ect as the segments 10, for this reason it may appear necessary in certain cases where such regulator 11 is used to omit the segments 10 altogether as the above described effect or action may be produced by the radial ribs or in-set pieces 20 of the regulator 11 consequently just as many radial ribs 20 are proform of construction just described a compact design or shape, nevertheless a large amount of space and weight will be necessary for motors of greater power or eficiency. It is desirable therefore to complete or perfect the needle point dischargers or to alter their arrangement relatively to the dielectric disks in such a manner that their efliciency is increased. This is done according to the modification of the invention shown' in Fig. 4, by arranging ton es 22 on the insulating strips 21 of the regu ator 11. the tongues 22 being placed between the dielectric disks 6 and carrying on one side plates 23 are also rovided with needle oint ischargers 24. ractical experiments ave proved that it is advisable not to arrange the plates 23 in radial direction but in a certain curvature so that the axis of each needle point discharger has a certain inclination to the surface of the disk. Plates 23 havin points 24. are prefera 1y secured on each tongue 22 and slightly inclined to the: next disk. It is obvious that the action of the regulator 11 can only extend to the needle point dischargers 9 influence upon the points 24. being of course out of the question.

In the motor herein described the direction of revolution depends upon the position of the needle point dischargers 9 or-23 that is to say the revolution follows the direction of the needle point dischargers, consequently in the examples shown in Figs. 3 and 4 the revolution occurs in a clockwise direction. This fact and the possibility of regulating the motor by means of the regulator plates 11 reveal the way and means of efiecting a reversal of the motor without cutting out or changing the driving current. Such a mode of reversing is illustrated by Fig. 5 and it consists in disposing the needle point dischargers 9 so that some point in the one direction and some in the o posite direction, in which case one or 0t er group of dischargers is made inefiective by mterpostwo rows of needle ing the respective regulator plate 11 between the corresponding group of the needle point dischargers and the die ectric disks.- In the position of the regulator plates shown in Fig. 5 a revolution in a clockwise direction is to be expected but by a suitable adjustment of the regulator plates a revolution occurs in the reverse direction.

As already mentioned at the outset, this motor is,des1gned for high tension currents, i. e, from a few thousand volts to many hundred thousand volts. Such a motor affords a great advantage over ordinary low tension motors. With such light tension currents the transmission of energy over great distances by means of mains or leads offers little difiiculty as compared with the considerable losses of energy which occur when transmitting low tension currents. High tension currents have, as is well known, the advantage of requiring only one conducting.

wire or lead as the ound or earth may serve as a return con uctor for the'current. Further it may be mentioned that the electric motor described herein also permits of the utilization of atmospheric electricity collected by means of an electric collector extending up into the atmosphere and provided with a conductor. By this means, especially if thunder or storm clouds exist, an electric current is produced as long as there is a difi'erence in potential between the collector and the cloud.

chargers arranged at the periphery thereof,

and a shiftable regulating plate arranged to be interposed between any or all of the dischargers and the disk. I

3. In an electric motor, the combination of a casing, a plurality of dielectric disks rotatable side by side in said casing, a plurality of series of-dischargers on the casing- Wall adjacent the disks at the peripheries of the latter, and a shiftable regulating plate arranged to be interposed between all the disks and their dischargers.

4. In an electric motor, the combination of a casing, a plurality of d electric disks ro- 3- tatable side by side in said casing, a plurality of series of dischargers on the casingwall adjacent the disks at the peripheries of the latter, a regulating plate shiftable into the space between the disks and dischargers,

and means to operate said plate from the exterior of the casing.

5. In an electric motor, the combination with a dielectric disk, and dischargers arranged in oppositely directed series, of

means which are interposed between either series and the disk in order to render said series inactive. r

6. In an electric motor, vthe combination with a dielectric disk, and a plurality of needle-dischargers arranged at the periphery of the same and divided into groups the dischargers of which are directed oppositely, of a regulating plate by which either group may be rendered inactive.

7. In an electrostatic motor, a shiftable i regulating plate having a plurality of parallel ribs.

8. In an electrostatic motor, a regulating plate having parallel ribs, and insulating .strips set in oetween said ribs.

In testimony, that I claim the foregoing as my invention, I have signed my name 111 presence of two subscribing witnesses.

NIKOLAUS MYSCHKIN. 

